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Copper age --- Excavations (Archaeology) --- Chalcolithique --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Antiquities. --- Copper age. --- Chalkolithikum --- Ausgrabung --- Golan Heights

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This volume contains thirty-five papers from a 2010 conference on landscape archaeology focusing on the definition of landscape as used by processual archaeologists, earth scientists, and most historical geographers, in contrast to the definition favored by postprocessual archaeologists, cultural geographers, and anthropologists. This tension provides a rich foundation for discussion, and the papers in this collection cover a variety of topics including: how do landscapes change; how to improve temporal, chronological, and transformational frameworks; how to link lowlands with mountainous areas; applications of scale; new directions in digital prospection and modeling techniques; and the future of landscape archaeology.

Landscape archaeology --- Archéologie du paysage --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- Landscape archaeology -- Congresses. --- History & Archaeology --- Anthropology --- Social Sciences --- Archaeology --- Prehistoric Anthropology --- Archéologie du paysage --- Congrès --- Cultural landscapes

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Excavations (Archaeology) --- Architecture, Ancient --- Pottery --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Architecture antique --- Céramique --- Gamla (Extinct city) --- Syria --- Gamla (Ville ancienne) --- Syrie --- Antiquities. --- Antiquités

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"Between 1975 and 1984 almost the entire area of the Roman fort of Segedunum in Wallsend was excavated under the direction of Charles Daniels, senior lecturer in the Department of Archaeology at Newcastle University. It is these excavations which form the subject of this publication. This comprehensive report on the structural remains (Vol. 1) and finds (Vol. 2) show clearly that Daniels' work represented one of the most ambitious and prolonged programs of fieldwork attempted on the northern frontier up to that point and has made Wallsend one of the most fully investigated of Roman forts in Britain. In most areas the remains were not excavated down to natural and so the remains revealed were predominantly those of the 2nd and 3rd centuries, with some late Roman features. Volume 1 describes first the stratigraphic sequences and excavation of the stone and timber buildings of the fort's central range: the granary, hospital, headquarters (principia), commanding officer's house (praetorium), the forehall fronting the principia and granary, and a long narrow building, perhaps a workshop, on the north side of the eastern via principalis. In the case of all but the praetorium these buildings were fully exposed. Later chapters cover the buildings in the northern third of the fort, revealed to be a group of six infantry barracks which underwent several phases of rebuilding and refurbishment including partial replacement by a stable block. Parts 4 and 5 examine the cavalry barracks in the southern part of the fort (retentura) and excavations of sections of the fort defenses on all four sides, particularly of discrete structures such as towers and gates. Volume 2, on the predominantly 2nd-3rd century material culture from the site, looks at the stonework, pottery, coins and small finds recovered. The stonework and ceramic building material provides information on the appearance of the fort and include a very rare stone latrine seat and a bench support. The pottery comprises samian, mortaria, including a large collection stamped by Anaus, amphorae and coarse wares. Other classes of artifact occur in comparatively small numbers, including colorless glass tablewares of the second and third centuries, 295 coins and c. 1000 small finds including some post-Roman pieces. Finally there is a detailed assessment of animal bone assemblages from a cistern and the Commanding Officer's house"--Publisher's summary.

Excavations (Archaeology) --- Fortification --- Material culture --- Animal remains (Archaeology) --- Fortification, Primitive --- Forts --- Military engineering --- Siege warfare --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Archaeology --- Archaeozoology --- Zooarchaeology --- Zoology in archaeology --- Bones --- Animal paleopathology --- Culture --- Folklore --- Technology --- Methodology --- Segedunum Roman Fort Site (Wallsend, England) --- Wallsend (England) --- Wallsend Roman Fort Site (Wallsend, England) --- England --- Antiquities, Roman. --- Antiquities --- Fortification, Roman --- Fortifications romaines --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Culture matérielle --- Restes d'animaux (Archéologie) --- Wallsend (Angleterre) --- Antiquities, Roman --- Antiquités romaines

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The Wadi Faynan is a harshly beautiful and desertic landscape in southern Jordan, situated between the hyper-arid deserts of the Wadi 'Arabah and the rugged and wetter Mountains of Edom. Archaeology and Desertification presents the results of the Wadi Faynan Landscape Survey, an inter-disciplinary study of landscape change undertaken in the Wadi Faynan by a team of archaeologists and geographers with the goal of contributing to present-day desertification debates by providing a long-term perspective on the relationship between environmental change and human history. The Wadi Faynan was the focus for some of the earliest farming in the Near East, and the earliest metallurgy, and in Roman times was a centre for copper and lead mining. The project reveals how past communities of farmers, shepherds, and miners managed their challenging environment, the solutions they developed, their successes and failures, and their short- and long-term environmental impacts. The richness of the palaeoclimatic, archaeological and palaeoecological data reveals an environmental/cultural history of complex pathways, synergies, and feedbacks operating at many different geographical scales, rates, and intensities. The project's findings on the complexity of past and present people:environment relations in the Wadi Faynan affirm the power of inter-disciplinary landscape archaeology to contribute significantly to the desertification debate. With global warming likely to threaten the lives of millions of people in the semi-arid and arid lands that comprise over a third of the planet through the course of this century, with potentially dire consequences for adjacent populations in better-watered regions, understanding the complexity of past responses to aridification has never been more urgent.

Excavations (Archaeology) --- Desertification --- Archaeology and history --- Fouilles (Archéologie) --- Désertification --- Archéologie et histoire --- Faynān Wādī (Jordan) --- Faynān, Wādī (Jordanie) --- Antiquities --- History --- Antiquités --- Histoire --- Archaeological digs --- Archaeological excavations --- Digs (Archaeology) --- Excavation sites (Archaeology) --- Ruins --- Sites, Excavation (Archaeology) --- Aridization of land --- Desertization --- Historical archaeology --- History and archaeology --- Faynān Wadi (Jordan) --- Feinān Wadi (Jordan) --- Fenan Wadi (Jordan) --- Wadi Fainan (Jordan) --- Wādī Faynān (Jordan) --- Wadi Feinān (Jordan) --- Wadi Fenan (Jordan) --- Wadī Finān (Jordan) --- Antiquities. --- History. --- Archaeology --- Climatology --- Deserts